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New Urbanism is an movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types. It arose in the United States in the early 1980s, and has gradually influenced many aspects of, and municipal strategies. New urbanism attempts to address the ills associated with urban sprawl and post-Second World War suburban development.New Urbanism is strongly influenced by urban design practices that were prominent until the rise of the automobile prior to; it encompasses ten basic principles such as traditional neighborhood design (TND) and (TOD). These ideas can all be circled back to two concepts: building a sense of community and the development of ecological practices. Market Street,The organizing body for New Urbanism is the Congress for the New Urbanism, founded in 1993. New Broad Street,Until the mid 20th century, cities were generally organized into and developed around mixed-use walkable neighborhoods. For most of human history this meant a city that was entirely walkable, although with the development of the reach of the city extended outward along transit lines, allowing for the growth of new pedestrian communities such as.

But with the advent of cheap automobiles and favorable government policies, attention began to shift away from cities and towards ways of growth more focused on the needs of the car. Specifically, after World War II largely centered around the use of municipal ordinances to segregate residential from commercial and industrial development, and focused on the construction of low-density single-family detached houses as the preferred housing format for the growing. The physical separation of where people live from where they work, shop and frequently spend their recreational time, together with low housing density, which often drastically reduced population density relative to historical norms, made automobiles indispensable for practical transportation and contributed to the emergence of a culture of. Post Office, designed by architectAlthough New Urbanism as an organized movement would only arise later, a number of activists and thinkers soon began to criticize the planning techniques being put into practice. Social philosopher and historian criticized the 'anti-urban' development of post-war America., written by in the early 1960s, called for planners to reconsider the single-use housing projects, large car-dependent thoroughfares, and segregated commercial centers that had become the 'norm'.

The French architect has developed in the 60's the concept of 'soft architecture' that he applied to, a new marina in south of France. The success of this project had a considerable influence and led to many new projects of soft architecture like in or in France. Rooted in these early dissenters, the ideas behind New Urbanism began to solidify in the 1970s and 80s with the urban visions and theoretical models for the reconstruction of the 'European' city proposed by architect, and the theories of.

The term 'new urbanism' itself started being used in this context in the mid-1980s, but it wasn't until the early 1990s that it was commonly written as a proper noun capitalized.In 1991, the, a private nonprofit group in, invited architects, Michael Corbett, and Daniel Solomon to develop a set of community principles for land use planning. Named the (after 's ), the commission presented the principles to about one hundred government officials in the fall of 1991, at its first Yosemite Conference for Local Elected Officials.Calthorpe, Duany, Moule, Plater-Zyberk, Polyzoides, and Solomon founded the Chicago-based Congress for the New Urbanism in 1993. The CNU has grown to more than three thousand members, and is the leading international organization promoting New Urbanist design principles. It holds annual Congresses in various U.S.

Cities.In 2009, co-founders Elizabeth Moule, Hank Dittmar, and Stefanos Polyzoides authored the Canons of Sustainable Architecture and Urbanism to clarify and detail the relationship between New Urbanism and sustainability. The Canons are 'a set of operating principles for human settlement that reestablish the relationship between the art of building, the making of community, and the conservation of our natural world'. They promote the use of passive heating and cooling solutions, the use of locally obtained materials, and in general, a 'culture of permanence'.New Urbanism is a broad movement that spans a number of different disciplines and geographic scales.

And while the conventional approach to growth remains dominant, New Urbanist principles have become increasingly influential in the fields of planning, architecture, and public policy. Defining elements. Great King St,. The neighborhood has a discernible center. This is often a square or a green and sometimes a busy or memorable street corner.

A transit stop would be located at this center. Most of the dwellings are within a five-minute walk of the center, an average of roughly 0.25 miles (0.40 km). There are a variety of dwelling types — usually houses, and — so that younger and older people, and families, the poor and the wealthy may find places to live.

At the edge of the neighborhood, there are shops and offices of sufficiently varied types to supply the weekly needs of a household. A small ancillary building or is permitted within the backyard of each house.

It may be used as a rental unit or place to work (for example, an office or craft workshop). An elementary school is close enough so that most children can walk from their home. There are small playgrounds accessible to every dwelling — not more than a tenth of a mile away. Streets within the neighborhood form a connected network, which disperses traffic by providing a variety of pedestrian and vehicular routes to any destination.

The streets are relatively narrow and shaded by rows of trees. This slows traffic, creating an environment suitable for pedestrians and bicycles. Buildings in the neighborhood center are placed close to the street, creating a well-defined outdoor room. Parking lots and garage doors rarely front the street.

Parking is relegated to the rear of buildings, usually accessed by alleys. Certain prominent sites at the termination of street vistas or in the neighborhood center are reserved for civic buildings. These provide sites for community meetings, education, and religious or cultural activities.Terminology. A house inSeveral terms are viewed either as synonymous, included in, or overlapping with the New Urbanism. The terms Neotraditional Development or Traditional Neighborhood Development are often associated with the New Urbanism.

These terms generally refer to complete New Towns or new neighborhoods, often built in traditional architectural styles, as opposed to smaller infill and redevelopment projects. The term Traditional Urbanism has also been used to describe the New Urbanism by those who object to the 'new' moniker.

The term 'Walkable Urbanism' was proposed as an alternative term by developer and professor Christopher Leinberger. Many debate whether and the New Urbanism are the same or whether substantive differences exist between the two; overlap exists in membership and content between the two movements.

Placemaking is another term that is often used to signify New Urbanist efforts or those of like-minded groups. The term Transit-Oriented Development is sometimes cited as being coined by prominent New Urbanist and is heavily promoted by New Urbanists. The term is sometimes associated with the New Urbanism as there has been an increasing focus on the environmental benefits of New Urbanism associated with the rise of the term sustainability in the 2000s, however, this has caused some confusion as the term is also used by the and to include issues (e.g., ) that exceed the scope of intended to be addressed by the New Urbanism.

The term 'livability' or 'livable communities' was popular under the, though it dates back at least to the mid-1990s when the term was used by the. A style house inPlanning magazine discussed the proliferation of 'urbanisms' in an article in 2011 titled 'A Short Guide to 60 of the Newest Urbanisms'. Several New Urbanists have popularized terminology under the umbrella of the New Urbanism including and Tactical Urbanism (of which Guerrilla Urbanism can be viewed as a subset).

The term Tactical Urbanism was coined by Frenchman Michel de Certau in 1968 and revived in 2011 by New Urbanist Mike Lydon and the co-authors of the Tactical Urbanism Guide. In 2011 authored a book that used the term Agrarian Urbanism to describe an agriculturally-focused subset of New Urbanist town design. In 2013 a group of New Urbanists led by CNU co-founder began a research project under the banner of Lean Urbanism which purported to provide a bridge between Tactical Urbanism and the New Urbanism.Other terms have surfaced in reaction to the New Urbanism intended to provide a contrast, alternative to, or a refinement of the New Urbanism. Some of these terms include by Harvard Professor Margaret Crawford, John Chase, and John Kaliski, and True Urbanism by architect Bernard Zyscovich. Was popularized by Charles Waldheim who explicitly defined it as in opposition to the New Urbanism in his lectures at Harvard University. Landscape Urbanism and its Discontents, edited by Andres Duany and Emily Talen, specifically addressed the tension between these two views of. Organizations.

Traffic along Lornie Road,. The structure plan for, follows, which share underlying axioms with the New Urbanism.Africa There are several such developments in South Africa. The most notable is in. Is a comparable mixed-use development in, in province. The development, announced in 2007, comprises 30 hectares. It is made up of three apartment complexes together with over 30 residential sites as well as 20,000 sq m of residential and office space.

The development is valued at over R2 billion ($250 million). There have been cases where market forces of urban decay are confused with new urbanism in. This has led to a form of suburban mixed-use development that does not promote walkability. Australia Most new developments on the edges of Australia's major cities are master planned, often guided expressly by the principles of New Urbanism. The relationship between housing, activity centres, the transport network and key social infrastructure (sporting facilities, libraries, community centres etc.) is defined at structure planning stage. Tullimbar Village, NSW Australia, is a new development which follows the principles of New Urbanism.

Another important factor or principle of New Urbanism that guides Australia's major cities is how good their foot circulation seems to be which is guided by the wayfinding systems that are implemented. And Gerald A. Porterfield said in their book, 'Community by Design,' the way to gain good circulation is to take some thoughtful consideration to things like wayfinding, sight lines, transition, visual clues, and reference points. Circulation design should work to create an interesting and informative system that utilizes subtle elements as well as technical ones. City of Port Philip, Australia, is a good example of wayfinding where they have come up with a comprehensive pedestrian signage system, specifically for their local areas of St Kilda, South Melbourne and Port Melbourne. The city's wayfinding system consists of 26 individually designed panels that are placed on some major streets such as St Kilda and St Kilda East, linking St Kilda Junction and Balaclava Station to the foreshore via Fitzroy, Carlisle and Acland Streets.

City of Port Philip also created directional signage systems that makes use of the already existing street furniture such as trash cans to help provide for 130 directional indicators across Port Melbourne. See also. ^ Boeing; et al. Berkeley Planning Journal. Retrieved 2015-04-15.

Caves, R. Encyclopedia of the City. P. 491.

Kelbaugh, Douglas S. Repairing the American Metropolis: Common Place Revisited.

Seattle: University of Washington Press. Retrieved 2016-01-20. ^.

2015-04-20. ^ Wear, Andrew (16 February 2016). Urban Policy and Research. 34 (3): 284–297. Kunstler, James Howard. Home from nowhere: remaking our everyday world for the twenty-first Century. A Touchstone book.

New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. P.28. David Gordon and Shayne Vipond: 'Gross Density and New Urbanism: Comparing Conventional and New Urbanist Suburbs in Markham, Ontario'. Journal of the American Planning Association, 1939-0130, Volume 71, Issue 1, 2005, pages 41–54. Reid, Barton (1985). Retrieved 2014-09-06.

Meinig, Donald (1986). Yale University Press. Retrieved 2014-09-06.

Institute for Urban Design. Retrieved 2014-09-06.

Local Government Commission. 2014-06-25 at the date=October 8, 2014. Cozens, Paul Michael. New Urbanism, Crime and the Suburbs: A Review of the Evidence. Urban Policy and Research. 26(4):429–444. Leinberger, Christopher (2009).

The Option of Urbanism. District of Columbia: Island Press. ArchDaily. Archived from on 2014-10-23. Barnett, Jonathan (April 2014). 77 (4): 19–21. Retrieved 23 October 2014.

Cite journal requires journal=. 1 May 2014. (2011). Garden Cities: Theory & Practice of Agrarian Urbanism.

The Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment. CityLab. Chase, John (1999).

Everyday Urbanism. The Monacelli Press. Mehaffy, Michael.

New Society Publishers. Congress For The New Urbanism Florida Chapter. Gary Hustwit. Archived from on 2014-10-23.

Retrieved 2014-10-22. Sharifi, Ayyoob (September 2015). 'From Garden City to Eco-urbanism: The quest for sustainable neighborhood development'. Sustainable Cities and Society.

20: 1–16. See, e.g., Alex Marshall, 'Building New Urbanism: Less Filling, But Not So Tasty', Builder Magazine, 30 November 1999, p. Print; archived on Marshall's web site,.

Retrieved 1 November 2013. Alex Marshall, 'Suburbs in Disguise', Metropolis Magazine, July 1996, p. 70, republished as 'New Urbanism' in Busch, Akiko, ed., Design is. Words, Things, People, Buildings and Places (New York:Metropolis Books/Princeton Architectural Press, 2002), p. 272; and as 'Suburbs in Disguise' on Marshall's web site, retrieved 2 October 2013. Alex Marshall, 'Putting Some 'City' Back In the Suburbs', Washington Post, 1 September 1996, p. C1, print,; retrieved 2 October 2013.

U. Of Texas Press 2000. Popkin, S. (2004) A Decade of HOPE VI. The Urban Institute. Goetz, Edward G. (2003) Clearing the Way: Deconcentrating the Poor in Urban America, The Urban Institute Press: Washington, DC.

Chaskin, R.J., Joseph, M.L., Webber, H.S. (2007) The Theoretical Basis for Addressing Poverty Through Mixed-Income Development. Urban Affairs Review 42 (3): 369–409. Grant, J. Perrott (2009) Producing diversity in a new urbanism community. Town Planning Review 80 (3): 267–289., Steve Melia, Local Transport Today, January 23, 2008. Archived from on 2014-10-14.

Retrieved 2014-10-22. CS1 maint: archived copy as title. 1 January 2014. Subak, Susan (2018). University of Nebraska Press., Nikos Salingaros and Federico Mena-Quintero, October 2010. Grant, J. (2006) Planning the Good Community: New Urbanism in Theory and Practice.

London: Routledge. January 2005. Prospect New Town. Retrieved 2019-06-24., Multi Housing News, May 18, 2011.

The Town Paper, Vol. 1 — December 2001/ January 2002. Hamer, David (2000). 'Learning from the past: Historic Districts and the New Urbanism in the United States'. Planning Perspectives.

15 (2): 107–122. Vincent, Roger and Groves, Martha (October 18, 2003). Retrieved 12 October 2016. USA Today. Greenburg, Ellen, 2004. Codifying New Urbanism: How to Reform Municipal Land Development Regulations. American Planning Association PAS Report Number 526.

Celebration Business Alliance, Sept 2010. 2011-10-01 at the.

U-T San Diego. Retrieved 16 April 2014. ^ Kirk, Patricia (2013-04-19). Urban Land Magazine. Retrieved 16 April 2014. Leung, Lily. San Diego Union-Tribune.

Retrieved 16 April 2014. Newman, Morris (February 28, 2012).

New York Times. Retrieved 16 April 2014. McCandless, Catherine. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 16 April 2014. (PDF).

California Department of Housing and Community Development. Retrieved 16 April 2014., Congress for the New Urbanism (accessed 8 April 2015). Moule & Polyzoides. Retrieved 8 October 2014. 2015-04-12 at the, Congress for the New Urbanism, September 14, 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2017.

WATSON, G., BENTLEY, I., ROAF, S. And SMITH, P., 2004. Learning from Poundbury, Research for the West Dorset District Council and the Duchy of Cornwall. Oxford Brookes University.

Planetizen: The independent resource for people passionate about planning and related fields. Retrieved 2016-11-07. Missing or empty title=. WTTW Chicago Public Media – Television and Interactive. Canadian Geographic. Archived from on 2010-11-17.

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Muzenda, Archimedes (2017-07-12). African Urban Institute. Archived from on 2018-09-07. Retrieved 2018-09-07. Viana. African Perspectives Conference Proceedings.

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Studio Binocular. Retrieved 2018-04-28.Further reading. Bohl, Charles C. 'New Urbanism in the City: Potential Applications and Implications for Distressed Inner-City Neighborhoods.'

Housing Policy Debate 11.4 (2000): 761–801. Brooke, Steven (1995). Gretna, La.: Pelican Publishing Company. (1993). The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream.

New York: Princeton Architectural Press. and William Fulton (2001). The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl. Washington, DC: Island Press. Congress for the New Urbanism (1999). Leccese, Michael; McCormick, Kathleen (eds.).

Charter of the New Urbanism. McGraw-Hill Professional.; Plater-Zyberk, Elizabeth; Alminana, Robert (2003). The New Civic Art: Elements of Town Planning.

New York: Rizzoli Publications.; Plater-Zyberk, Elizabeth; Speck, Jeff (2000). North Point Press. Dutton, John A.

New American Urbanism: Re-forming the Suburban Metropolis. Milano: Skira editore. El Nasser, Haya (November 14, 2005). USA Today. Gallini, Jared.

'Demographics and Their Relationship to the Characteristics of New Urbanism: A Preliminary Study'. Applied Research Projects, Texas State University-San Marcos.

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Originally published: New York: Random House, (1961). Katz, Peter (1994). The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community. New York: McGraw-Hill.

(1994). Geography Of Nowhere: The Rise And Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Talen, Emily (2005). New York: Routledge. Tagliaventi, Gabriele (2002). New Urbanism. Florence: Alinea. Steuteville, Robert, ed. New Urbanism Best Practices Guide.

Ithaca: New Urban News. Waugh, David.

2004 Buying New Urbanism: A Study of New Urban Characteristics that Residents Value. Applied Research Project. Texas State University.External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.

Energy Efficiency of different Transport ModesSustainable urbanism is both the study of cities and the practices to build them that focus on promoting their long term viability by reducing consumption, waste and harmful impacts on people and place while enhancing the overall well being of both people and place. Well being includes the physical, ecological, economic, social, health and equity factors, among others, that comprise cities and their populations. In the context of contemporary urbanism, the term cities refers to several scales of human settlements from towns to cities, metropolises and mega-city regions that includes their peripheries / suburbs / exurbs. Sustainability is a key component to professional practice in urban planning and urban design along with its related disciplines landscape architecture, architecture, and civil and environmental engineering. And ecological urbanism are other common terms that are similar to sustainable urbanism, however they can be construed as focusing more on the natural environment and ecosystems and less on economic and social aspects. Also related to sustainable urbanism are the practices of land development called, which is the process of physically constructing sustainable buildings, as well as the practices of urban planning called or, which denote the processes of planning, designing, and building urban settlements that are more sustainable than if they were not planned according to sustainability criteria and principles.The origin of the term has been attributed to Professor Susan Owens of Cambridge University in the UK in the 1990s, according to her doctoral student and now professor of architecture Phillip Tabb.

The first university graduate program named Sustainable Urbanism was founded by professors Michael Neuman and Phillip Tabb at Texas A&M University in 2002. There are now dozens of university programs with that name worldwide.

Douglas Farr Sustainable Urbanism Pdf To Jpg File

As of 2018, there are hundreds of scholarly articles, books and publications whose titles contain the exact words and thousands of articles, books and publications that contain that exact term, according to Google Scholar.In 2007, two important events occurred in the USA that furthered the knowledge base and diffusion of sustainable urbanism. First was the International Conference on Sustainable Urbanism at Texas A&M University in April, which drew nearly 200 persons from five continents. Second, later in the year, was the publication of the book Sustainable Urbanism. According to Farr, this approach aims to eliminate environmental impacts of urban development by supplying and providing all resources locally.

The full life cycle of services and public goods such as electricity and food are evaluated from production to consumption with the intent of eliminating waste or environmental externalities. Since that time, significant research and practice worldwide has broadened the term considerably to include social, economic, welfare and public health factors, among others, to the environmental and physical factors in the Farr book; thus taking it beyond an urban design field into all of urban planning, policy and development. Approaches that focus on the social and economic aspects use the terms. The United Nations has incorporated sustainable urbanism into its global sustainable development goals as goal 11,There are a range of organizations promoting and researching sustainable urbanism practices, including governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, professional associations, universities and research institutes, philanthropic foundations and professional enterprises around the world. Related to sustainable urbanism is the or movement which is another approach that focuses on creating urban environments based on ecological principles, and the movement which focuses on addressing depleting resources by creating distributed local resources to replace global supply chain in case of major disruption. As resilient cities thinking has evolved, it too has gone beyond climate change to incorporate resilient responses by hybrid urban-natural ecosystems such as city regions to natural disasters, war and conflict, economic shocks and crises, massive migration, and other shocks. Contents.Sustainable Urbanism: Urban Design With Nature, by Doug Farr (2007) The architect and urban planner discusses making cities, along with combining elements of, and, and goes beyond them to close the loop on resource use and bring everything into the city or town.

This approach is centered on increasing the quality of life by affording greater accessibility to activities and places within a short distance and by increasing the quality of products that are offered.Comparison of similar principles was an early touchstone for sustainable urbanism, since it is based around bringing activities and land uses closer together, increasing urban and suburban densities, being more efficient in terms of infrastructure provision and transport energy use, and having more within walking distance. There were significant critiques of New Urbanism and its more international term that found it was a limited approach. Its principal conclusion was that the sustainability of a city could not be measured by form alone, and that processes were critical to measure sustainability. The criticism of New Urbanism is that it attempts to apply 19th century urban form to 21st century cities and that New Urbanism excludes economic diversity by creating expensive places to live that are highly privatized and controlled. Also, critics believe that, while the New Urbanism contains many attractive ideas, it may have difficulty dealing with a wide range of contemporary issues including scale, transportation, planning and codes, regionalism, and marketing.Sustainable urbanism bridges the gaps of New Urbanism by including the factors listed in the lead paragraph of this wikipedia entry.is a related approach to sustainable urbanism. As conceived by urban planners, it helps achieve greater jobs–housing balance, but it is likely to leave the sense of place unaddressed. While New Urbanism may fulfill that dimension of sense of place, it is not viewed as an approach that will lead to communities that are energy self-reliant.

The ecological city approach seems to complementary to the other two approaches in terms of their respective areas of strengths and weakness.probably contains the most similar ideas with sustainable urbanism. They both emphasize on interplay of cities with nature, as well as shaping better communities and lifestyles. However, the principles of green urbanism are based on the triple-zero framework: zero fossil-fuel energy use, zero waste, and zero emissions. Sustainable Urbanism, on the other hand, is more focused on designing communities that are and transit-served so that people will prefer to meet their daily needs on foot.Defining elements of Sustainable Urbanism Compactness , or density, plays an important yet limited role in sustainable urban development because it can support reductions in per-capita transport energy use by increasing walking, cycling, active transport and public transit use. The relatively low density of some urban and especially suburban and exurban development is too low to support efficient transit and walk-to destinations. Such low-density development is a characteristic of, which is the major cause of high, inefficient infrastructure, increased obesity, loss of farmlands and natural habitats, pollution, and so on. For these reasons, sustainable urbanism tends to promote more compact development with greater intensities of use and greater variety of uses and activities in a given urban area.Research has shown that low-density development can exacerbate loadings by consuming absorbent open space and increasing area relative to compact development.

While increasing densities regionally can better protect water resources at a regional level, higher-density development can create more impervious cover, which increases water quality problems in nearby or adjacent water bodies.Increasing neighborhood population density also supports improved public transit service. Concentrating development density in and around transit stops and corridors maximizes people's willingness to walk and thus reduces car ownership and use. Sustainable urbanism seeks to integrate infrastructure design increase with density, because a concentrated required less per capita infrastructure usage compared to detached single-family housing.

Biophilia and Biophilic Cities The was introduced. It refers to the connection between humans and other living systems.

Within this concept, humans are biologically predisposed to caring for nature. Biophilic cities are those that bring nature into the city by increasing parks and open spaces, green and blue corridors, and networks that link them. Increasingly, biophilia refers to habitats that support other species, sustainable food production and urban agriculture. Thus, biophilia and biophilic cities are an underlying component of sustainable urbanism.

Sustainable corridors Sustainable corridors are similar to a in that they connect one area to another efficiently, cheaply, and safely. They allow people to pass from their immediate proximity to another without relying on cars or other wasteful and inefficient products. It also relies on accessibility to all people in the community so that the mode of transportation is the most convenient and easiest to use for everyone. Sustainable Corridors also include biodiversity corridors to allow animals to move around communities so that they may still live in and around cities. High performance buildings High performance buildings are designed and constructed to maximize operational energy savings and minimize environmental impacts of the construction and operation of the buildings. Building construction and operation generates a great deal of ‘externalized costs’ such as material waste, energy inefficiencies and pollution. High performance buildings aim to minimize these and make the process much more efficient and less harmful.

Put out a set of guidelines in April 1999 on High performance buildings that have broad application to sustainable urbanism as a whole worldwide.By incorporating environmentally sound materials and systems, improving indoor air quality and using natural or high efficiency lighting, it minimizes a building impact on its natural surroundings; additionally, those who work or live in these buildings directly benefit from these differences. Some building owners have even reported increased worker productivity as a result of the improved conditions. However, because these other benefits are more difficult to quantify than direct energy savings, the real value of high performance buildings can easily be underestimated by traditional accounting methods that do not recognize ‘external’ municipal and regional costs and benefits.

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The cost evaluations of high performance building should account for the economic, social, and environmental benefits that accompany green buildings. Energy efficiency/clean energy resourcesReduce energy use and demand through passive solar techniques and integrated building design. This process looks at optimum orientation and maximizes the thermal efficiency of the building envelope (windows, walls, roof) while also considering the interaction of the HVAC, lighting, and control systems. Integrated design uses daylight to reduce electrical demand, and incorporates energy efficient lighting, motors, and equipment. Where feasible, renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic cells, solar hot water, and geothermal exchange are used in tandem with other low emission technologies, such as fuel cells. This results in direct energy cost savings (fuel and electricity) yield a good rate of return based on the initial investment. Other external benefits include improved air quality from reduced fuel consumption (limiting nitrous oxide, sulfur dioxide, methane, and other gases that contribute to air pollution).

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Additionally, reducing the overall aggregate electrical load significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions. Improved indoor environmentImprove indoor air quality by eliminating unhealthy emissions – such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – from building materials, products, and furnishings, and through outside filtering and distribution techniques that control pollutants.

Maximize the use of controlled daylighting, which can then be augmented by high quality artificial lighting. Provide good acoustic control. Results in high performance facilities can help address a wide range of human resource concerns by improving the total quality of the interior environment. In addition, attention to building wellness today helps avoid future costs of corrections. Such ‘well building’ design emphasis can improve occupant comfort, health, and well-being, in turn reducing employee absenteeism and turnover.

Source reduction, pollution prevention and recyclingRenewable resources, and are themselves recyclable, and that have been manufactured in a manner less damaging to the environment. Implement construction and demolition (C&D) /management strategies and selective site sorting of materials for salvage, recycling, or disposal. These actions will prevent unnecessary depletion of natural resources and will reduce air, water, and soil pollution. They will also strengthen the market for recycled materials, and the manufacture of products with post-consumer content. Long-term, better C&D waste management can reduce waste disposal costs, ease stress on landfills, and minimize the cost of transporting waste to disposal facilities outside the City.High performance infrastructure High-performance infrastructure refers to applicable to the typical section of the public right-of-way, encompassing street sidewalk, underground utilities, stormwater infrastructure, landscapes, and streetscape elements.

In addition to many public health and environmental benefits, financial benefits include decreased first costs, decreased operation and maintenance costs, decreased energy costs and increased real estate values. Component optimizationAt the single-component level, standard details may be improved to optimize performance, minimize environmental impact, use materials more efficiently or extended lifecycle.

Examples include using reclaimed supplementary cement materials to increase pavement strength or designing water-efficient landscapes to reduce irrigation needs and water consumption. Multifunctional optimizationImproving single components does not consider the whole system in place, so multifunctional optimization guidelines seek to minimize conflicts among parts and promote This could lead to long-term savings, improved performance and lifecycle, and increased returns on municipal investments. One example is using permeable pavement to reduce stormwater runoff and peak demand on stormwater management infrastructure while providing an adequate driving surface for vehicles. Integrated designSystems-oriented design focuses on improving the performance of the entire roadway system. It requires cross-disciplinary teamwork at the planning, scoping, design and construction phases. It promotes comprehensive performance improvements, compounds environmental benefits and potentially offers substantial cost savings.